ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados da terapia local pré-operatória em pacientes portadores de carcinoma hepatocelular submetidos a transplante hepático. MÉTODOS: . Foram analisados os prontuários dos pacientes adultos submetidos a transplante hepático cadavérico e intervivos no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná no período entre janeiro de 2002 e agosto de 2007. Foram incluídos no estudo os portadores de cirrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular diagnosticado pelos critérios da EASL (European Association for the Study of the Liver). Foram analisados o número e o diâmetro dos nódulos neoplásicos antes e após a terapia local e na análise do explante, o número de sessões de terapia local e sua duração. Após o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de carcinoma hepatocelular os pacientes foram submetidos à terapia local com alcoolização. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 22 pacientes portadores de 31 nódulos neoplásicos com diâmetro médio de 28,8±12 mm. Após as sessões de terapia local foram detectados 29 nódulos neoplásicos com diâmetro médio de 24,6±12 mm, sem diferença em relação ao observado antes do tratamento e todos dentro dos critérios de Milão. Foram realizados 17 transplantes cadavéricos e cinco transplantes intervivos. A análise do explante demonstrou seis casos fora dos critérios de Milão. Dezesseis casos estavam dentro dos critérios de Milão com 14 nódulos neoplásicos com diâmetro médio de 30±14 mm, sem diferença em relação ao observado no diagnóstico e após a terapia local. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia local para o carcinoma hepatocelular com alcoolização e quimioembolização permitiu o controle parcial da evolução da doença considerando-se os critérios de Milão em pacientes em lista de espera para transplante hepático. Ocorreram diferenças significativas em relação aos critérios de Milão entre os exames de imagem pré-operatórios e a análise do explante.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of pre-operative local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who were subjected to liver transplantation. METHODS: Cadaveric and living-related liver transplants done in cirrotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria were included. The nodules were analyzed according to its number and diameter before and after the institution of the local therapy and on the explant evaluation. RESULTS: 22 patients with 31 nodules that measured 28.8±12 mm in diameter were included. They were subjected to 21 sessions of percutaneous ethanol injection and 29 sessions of transarterial chemoembolization. After the local therapy, 29 nodules that measured 24.6±12 mm in diameter were detected. All of them were within the Milan criteria and there was no difference compared to the diameter before the treatment. The patients were subjected to 17 cadaveric and 5 living-related liver transplantations. In six cases the tumors exceeded the Milan criteria on the explant evaluation: 4 due to its number and 2 due to its diameter. Sixteen cases were within the criteria and there were 14 neoplastic nodules with 30±14 mm in diameter. In these cases no difference was observed compared to the diameter before and after the local therapy. CONCLUSION: Local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with percutaneous ethanol injection and transarterial chemoembolization partially controlled tumor evolution considering the Milan criteria in patients waiting for liver transplantation. Significant differences were observed in terms of the Milan criteria on pre-operative examination compared to the explant evaluation.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods , Liver Transplantation , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Ethanol/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Liver Transplantation , Preoperative Care , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
RACIONAL: A gastrectomia subtotal atualmente é considerada padrão ouro no tratamento da neoplasia gástrica do terço médio e distal. No entanto, foi demonstrado que a ocorrência de neoplasia residual na margem cirúrgica proximal está associada à redução da sobrevida. OBJETIVOS: analisar a margem cirúrgica proximal no exame anátomo-patológico de pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia subtotal por adenocarcinoma gástrico e identificar os fatores relacionados com o acometimento neoplásico dessa margem. MÉTODOS: No período entre janeiro de 1998 e dezembro de 2007 foram revisados os prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia subtotal devido a adenocarcinoma gástrico do terço médio e distal. Os pacientes foram analisados quanto à idade, sexo, classificação de Lauren, classificação de Borrmann, maior diâmetro da lesão, localização da lesão no estômago, clínico e presença de invasão angiolinfática. Foi realizada análise univariada desses dados em relação ao acometimento da margem proximal do estômago no exame anátomo-patológico. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 104 casos: 34 do sexo feminino e 70 do sexo masculino com idade média de 57±13 anos. Doze pacientes (12,3 por cento) apresentaram acometimento da margem proximal. A análise univariada entre os fatores analisados e o acometimento neoplásico da margem proximal demonstrou associação somente em relação à classificação de Borrmann. CONCLUSÃO: A classificação macroscópica de Borrmann, especialmente nos estágios III e IV, está relacionada à presença de acometimento da margem proximal nos casos de adenocarcinoma gástrico dos terços médio e distal submetidos a tratamento com gastrectomia subtotal.
BACKGROUND: Subtotal gastrectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for gastric neoplasms localized in the distal and medial thirds of the stomach. Nevertheless, it has been shown that residual neoplasm into the proximal margin is associated to worse prognosis. AIM: To identify factors related to residual neoplasm into the proximal margin determined on pathology examination of patients subjected(Submitted) to subtotal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The charts of the patients subjected(Submitted) to subtotal gastrectomy due to gastric adenocarcinoma of the distal and medial thirds were reviewed from January 1998 to December 2007. It was recorded data referred to age, sex, Lauren and Borrmann staging, neoplasm diameter, localization inside the stomach, TNM staging and angiolymphatic invasion. These data were submitted to univariate analysis in relation to residual neoplasm into the proximal margin. RESULTS: A hundread and four cases were included: 34 females and 70 males. The median age was 57±13 years. Twelve patients (12.3 percent) presented residual neoplasm into the proximal margin. The univariate analysis showed association between only the Borrmann staging and the residual neoplasm. CONCLUSION: Borrmann staging is associated to residual neoplasm into the proximal margin in patients subjected(Submitted) to subtotal gastrectomy for medial and distal thirds gastric adenocarcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Nevirapine-based therapy is associated with increased frequency of adverse events among HIV-infected pregnant women. The aim of this article was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects in HIV-infected women who started nevirapine during pregnancy. A retrospective study was performed in our center between January 2003 and December 2006 analyzing all women prescribed nevirapine during pregnancy. Women presenting any risk factor for hepatotoxicity were excluded from the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of adverse effects, and a correlation to CD4 counts was performed. Liver function abnormality was graded according to the Division of AIDS toxicity guidelines. A total of 170 women initiated nevirapine during pregnancy, but only 133 were included in the study. Twenty-seven women (20.3 percent) presented adverse effects, skin rash accounting for 77.8 percent (21/27 women) and liver function abnormalities for 22.2 percent (6/27) of the cases. Baseline CD4 counts, viral loads and transaminases were similar in both groups. All nevirapine side effects were developed in less than seven weeks. Four of 31 women with CD4 counts <250 cells/µL (12.9 percent) and 23 of 102 women with CD4 counts ≥250 cells/µL (22.5 percent) developed adverse events. All patients who experienced hepatotoxicity had pretreatment CD4 counts >250cells/µL. The incidence of adverse events with nevirapine in our study was high, but most of them were cutaneous. There was no correlation between high CD4 counts and adverse events when analyzing both cutaneous and hepatic reactions; nevertheless, hepatotoxicity occurred only in pregnant women with CD4 counts ≥250cells/µL.